“Resiliency is traditionally defined as the ability to recover from some manner of ecological disturbance in some time frame. But that’s not what ecosystems do,” Kaufmann says. “Say a forest fire ...

"Additionally, high-resolution maps would identify underwater outcroppings and ledges where fish tend to congregate, enabling scientists to get better fishery population estimates, the ...

Botanists usually build high-quality maps of species by painstakingly listing all plant species in an area, but this is not feasible outside of a few small natural areas or national parks.

The organization has been pushing since 2018 to create high-resolution maps of all five Great Lakes bottoms, but that’s a daunting task. The lakes cover 94,250 square miles — an area larger ...